Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis)

The botanical name for marshmallow, Althaea, is from the ancient Greek word for healing or ‘to cure’. The name truly suits this remarkable plant. The marshmallow, or marsh mallow, is a beautiful perennial that can sometimes be found growing in marshy areas. Marshmallow has a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations. Native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, and introduced to North America, this perennial herb has long been valued not only for its culinary uses but also for its medicinal properties. In ancient Egypt, marshmallow root was used for its soothing qualities and was often combined with honey and nuts to create a delicacy reserved for the gods and pharaohs. The Egyptians recognized its therapeutic potential, employing the root to treat wounds and respiratory ailments. This early use set the foundation for marshmallow’s place in herbal medicine and how the plant is still used today.

Both the leaf and root of the marshmallow plant are used for their health benefits.
They are considered demulcent herbs and contain a high amount of mucilage. These long chains of polysaccharides are what give the herb its gelatinous quality when mixed with water. Marshmallow is an excellent anti-inflammatory and is used both internally and externally as it soothes and protects irritated mucous membranes and other body tissues.

Taken internally, marshmallow’s demulcent properties coat and soothe the throat, air passages, and digestive tract. Marshmallow leaf is used to ease the symptoms of respiratory illnesses like bronchitis to relieve sore throat, cough, and spasms. For the digestive system, marshmallow root soothes irritable bowels,reduces sensitivity to stomach acids, and lessens diarrhea. Marshmallow leaf is also used to soothe inflammatory conditions of the urinary tract such as cystitis.

Externally, marshmallow root shines as an emollient to soothe, soften, and protect the skin. It is used as a poultice, for wound care, or in skin care products.

Echinacea vs. Elderberry

Ripe Elderberries

People often ask if it’s better to use elderberry or echinacea during the cold and flu season. Both herbs have long been used to support the immune system in fighting off respiratory infections and to reduce the severity of respiratory illness but they have some shared, and some distinct, properties.

Elderberries (Sambucus nigra) are rich in anti-oxidants (like Vitamin C) and flavonoids which help neutralize free radicals in the body. Free radicals are unstable molecules in our bodies that damage cells or make them work inefficiently. Getting rid of them can help our immune systems and other body systems to fight off any infections heading our way.  Elderberry has also been shown to have anti-viral properties and some studies have shown that it may help reduce the length and severity of viral respiratory illness like the common cold or flu.  Its anti-inflammatory properties can also help lessen some symptoms such as congestion and sinus pressure.

Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) is known in herbal medicine as a good immune-stimulator due to its polysaccharide content. It is believed to support the functions of the body’s white blood cells to deter infection.  Echinacea is an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial herb and is used to enhance our resilience to infection.

The good news is that we don’t have to choose between these two wonderful herbs!  They can be used together or alternately throughout the cold/flu season.  For people looking to prevent illness or enhance their immune response during high-risk times, echinacea is a great defensive option. For those who are already experiencing symptoms of a viral infection or seeking relief from cold or flu symptoms, elderberry may be the more effective choice. Its proven track record in reducing the severity and duration of viral illnesses makes it a go-to remedy for many.

Echinacea (purple cone flower)

ELDER (Sambucus nigra)

The Elder tree is a beautiful example of an enduring bridge between ancient traditions and modern herbal practices. It has long been regarded with a blend of reverence and superstition and highly valued for its medicinal benefits. Various traditions hold that the Elder tree would guard against malevolent supernatural forces, protect homes, cause crops to flourish, and ward off illness. Hippocrates went so far as to call the Elder tree his “medicine chest”!

More than 3000 years ago, Native peoples in North America were cultivating Elder and using the berries and flowers for food, medicine, and dyes in addition to making tools and instruments. These practices continue today around the world with elderberries and elderflowers being commonly used herbal ingredients.  

The leaves of the Elder tree are used topically for cuts, bruises, and sprains. Elderflowers are renowned for their anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, making them ideal for respiratory and skin conditions. The flowers are often made into teas, tonics, and extracts to treat colds and flu. Elderflowers have a light, sweet taste and are also used to flavor culinary dishes and beverages. Elderberries, on the other hand, are particularly rich in antioxidants and vitamins, which are beneficial for immune support and combating infections. Some varieties of elderberry are toxic when fresh and therefore cannot be eaten raw. When cooked and dried they are safe to ingest and are commonly made into extracts, tinctures, and syrups to help boost immunity and defend against viral infections. 

The Elder tree is an example where the “whole plant” philosophy within herbalism shines - the different parts of the plant work together through different but synergistic mechanisms.

Tomato Chili Jam Recipe

This spicy-sweet jam is a great way to use summer produce. It makes a great accompaniment for meats, poultry, cheese and tofu. And if you like it extra spicy, you can add more chili peppers to turn up the heat!

This recipe makes 4 small jars of jam.

Ingredients

2 ¼  lbs tomatoes, peeled

2 cayenne peppers

8 peeled cloves garlic

2-inch piece of ginger, peeled and roughly chopped

¼ cup Thai fish sauce (Nam Pla)

1 cup light brown sugar

1-1/4 cups white sugar

Scant cup red wine vinegar

Process

• Peel the tomatoes and dice (½ inch pieces).

• Puree the chilis, garlic, ginger, and fish sauce in blender.

• In a medium stainless steel sauce pan, add the puree, sugars, vinegar, and tomatoes. 

• Bring to a boil slowly, stirring occasionally.

• Reduce to a simmer and cook gently for 30-40 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent burning.

• Pour into sterilized jars (If using glass jars, warm them first to prevent cracking).

• Allow to cool. Store in refrigerator.
  
  Then enjoy!
  
  For more information about the captivating and healthful benefits of chili peppers see our previous blog post on cayenne and capsaicin!

CAYENNE (Capsicum annuum)

When you think of cayenne pepper, the first thing that might come to mind is the fiery kick it adds to your favorite dishes. But this vibrant red spice also has a whole range of medicinal properties and a long history of use in traditional medicine around the world. Indigenous peoples in the Americas have used cayenne for centuries to treat a range of ailments, including pain and arthritis. The spicy pepper was often applied topically in poultices or eaten to alleviate muscle pain, joint inflammation, and digestive issues.  Now, thanks to two scientists, David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, we know why it works!  These two scientists even won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking research.

The active compound in cayenne is capsaicin which is the chemical responsible for the heat in cayenne pepper. Capsaicin interacts with the body’s sensory neurons, particularly through a receptor called TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1). This receptor is involved in detecting and regulating body temperature as well as pain. So, while our neurons are busy reacting to the heat of cayenne, they don’t transmit the pain signals to our brains. Julius and Patapoudian also discovered that capsaicin depletes substance P—a neurotransmitter involved in sending pain signals to the brain—and this may help reduce the sensation of pain.

 Capsaicin also exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties. By inhibiting certain inflammatory pathways, it can help reduce inflammation in the body when taken orally or as part of our diet as well as when used topically. Capsaicin creams and ointments are frequently used to treat conditions like arthritis, neuropathic pain, and muscle soreness due to both its pain relieving and anti-inflammatoy properties.

Emerging research suggests that capsaicin may have positive effects on cardiovascular health. It has been found to lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, improve circulation and reduce oxidative stress.

Capsaicin may also play a potential role in boosting metabolism. Studies have shown that it can increase thermogenesis, the process by which the body generates heat and burns calories. 

So next time you sprinkle some cayenne pepper into your meal, remember, you're not just spicing things up—you're also tapping into a range of health benefits!

ARNICA (Arnica montana, Arnica spp.)

 Arnica   

Arnica montana

Also known as wolfsbane and mountain tobacco, the bright yellow Arnica montana plant has been celebrated for centuries for its medicinal properties. Native to Europe and Siberia, the arnica flower was first utilized by indigenous cultures of the Alpine region. These early users recognized the plant's potent healing benefits, creating infusions and salves to treat bruises, sprains, and sore muscles. In the Middle Ages, arnica's popularity spread throughout Europe. Folk healers created tinctures, salves, and infusions to alleviate pain and inflammation. It became a staple in any well-stocked apothecary and was most often prescribed for rheumatism and injuries. The plant's effectiveness was well-documented in herbals of the time, solidifying its reputation as a valuable medicinal herb. This beautiful plant has since spread across the world and is a valuable tool in the natural remedy toolbox.

Arnica-infused oil is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunostimulatory, and antiseptic properties. Arnica contains compounds such as helenalin, dihydrohelenalin, and flavonoids, which contribute to its effectiveness in reducing pain and swelling. These compounds inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines, making arnica oil an excellent natural remedy for inflammatory conditions. Additionally, arnica oil stimulates blood circulation, which helps disperse trapped fluids from bruised or swollen tissues, promoting faster healing.

Using Fresh Arnica Oil

(For external use only)

To harness the benefits of arnica oil, gently massage a small amount onto the affected area. Arnica oil is particularly recommended for easing bruises, sprains, muscle aches, and joint pain. Athletes and active individuals often use arnica oil to soothe sore muscles after intense physical activity. For best results, apply the oil two to three times daily. Arnica oil can be used in combination with other essential oils or carrier oils to enhance its therapeutic effects. For instance, blending arnica oil with lavender or peppermint oil can provide a soothing and cooling sensation, further relieving pain and inflammation.

It's important to note that arnica oil should not be applied to broken skin or open wounds due to its potency. Some individuals may be sensitive to arnica, so conducting a patch test before widespread use is recommended. Simply apply a small amount of oil to a patch of skin and wait 24 hours to check for any adverse reactions. Do not use if you are allergic to other members of the Asteraceae plant family.

As with any herbal remedy, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before using arnica oil, especially if you have underlying health conditions, are pregnant, or are taking other medications.

Elecampane (Inula helenium)

Elecampane  

Inula helenium

Growing up to 6 feet tall and reaching to the summer sky with bright yellow flowers, elecampane is one of nature’s most striking medicinal herbs. For thousands of years, it has been a mainstay of herbalism as it spread around the globe from Asia to Europe and on to North America due to its excellent therapeutic properties. It was also prized for its remarkable appearance and was said to be a favorite of Helen of Troy (hence the “helenium” in the name), representative of Odin, and recognized by Hippocrates. In the rich tapestry of Celtic tradition, it is held that the elecampane plant is a sacred home to elves and fairies, who are believed to dwell within its roots and leaves. To invite the presence of benevolent fairies, people would scatter the dried root throughout their homes. The roots were hung as blessings, and burning them as incense was believed to enhance intuition.

The primary medicinal value of elecampane is found in its roots which contain a white, milky substance called inulin (also found in chicory and dandelion) as well as valuable essential oils. It is commonly used for respiratory and digestive ailments.

Inulin is a natural, prebiotic fiber that functions as a food source for beneficial gut bacteria, promoting a healthy microbiome and improving digestive function. By fostering a healthy balance of gut flora, inulin helps enhance nutrient absorption and supports overall immune function. It can aid in digestion, elimination, and soothe irritated intestinal tissues.

As a respiratory tonic, elecampane contains essential oils, including alantolactone and isoalantolactone, which add to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and expectorant properties. These compounds help in loosening and expelling mucus from the respiratory tract, making elecampane a valuable remedy for respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and asthma.

Dried elecampane root can be prepared as a tea, tincture, or powder.  Caution: large amounts can cause stomach upset. Check with your care provider if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medications. Do not use if you are allergic to other members of the Asteraceae family.

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)

Lavender   Lavandula angustifolia

Lavender, a fragrant herb native to the Mediterranean, has been cherished for over 2,500 years. Ancient Egyptians utilized lavender in mummification and perfumes, while Greeks and Romans appreciated its calming and antiseptic qualities and incorporated it into baths, cooking, and medicinal practices. By the Middle Ages, lavender had spread across Europe, becoming a staple in monastic gardens and herbal medicine, valued for treating a variety of ailments, from headaches to insomnia.

Lavender is celebrated for its wide range of medicinal properties, including its nervine, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. It is beneficial for almost all the body’s systems, and can be used topically, internally, and through aromatherapy.  Lavender contains compounds such as linalool and linalyl acetate, which contribute to its soothing impact on the nervous system, making it an effective natural remedy for anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders. Its anti-inflammatory properties help alleviate pain and reduce swelling, while its antimicrobial effects combat bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Additionally, lavender promotes wound healing and reduces scarring, making it beneficial for treating minor burns and skin irritations. 

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

☀️ 🌿 Poison ivy seems to be everywhere; customers started coming into the store in early May looking for relief! So, we thought an info sheet on poison ivy might be helpful for the 85% of us who are unfortunately allergic to the plant and suffer through the resulting itchy rash. 

Poison Ivy (aka Toxicodendron radicans)

The troublemaker is urushiol, an oil in the poison ivy plant which causes the allergic reaction (the same oil is the culprit in poison oak and poison sumac). If you are not already familiar with the appearance of these plants, check online for pictures so you can recognize them in all seasons. And remember the old saying, “leaves of three, leave them be”. Exposure happens when you touch or brush against the leaves, stems, or roots of the plant OR when you touch something else that has come in contact with the plant and still has residue of the oil on its surface (such as a pet, backpack, or jacket). 

Sometimes we don’t know we’ve come in contact with the vine until the dreaded itch and blisters appear. Sometimes we recognize it right after we touch it or brush against it. Either way, there are some steps we can take to help mitigate the symptoms of the allergic reaction. If you know you’ve been exposed, immediate action can help! Rinse the affected area with cool, soapy water within the first few minutes to remove the oil and reduce the severity of the reaction. Avoid scrubbing as it can spread the oil. Symptoms typically appear within 12 to 48 hours and starting with itching, redness, and swelling followed by blistering and more itching. The fluid in the blisters will not spread the rash, but avoid scratching as that may lead to infection and longer healing time.

The duration of the rash can vary from a few days to several weeks, depending on its severity and individual sensitivity. Managing symptoms involves keeping the affected area clean and dry, and resisting the urge to scratch, which can lead to infection. Natural remedies can help! Check out the summer seasonals in our shop for ideas. 🌿 ☀️